Climate change and river water pollution: An application to the Ganges in Kanpur

We provide a theoretical framework to analyze how climate change influences the Ganges and how this influence affects pollution in the river caused by tanneries in Kanpur, India. We focus on two tanneries, (Figure presented.) and (Figure presented.) that are situated on the same bank of the Ganges in Kanpur. Both produce leather and leather production requires the use of noxious chemicals. Tannery (Figure presented.) is situated upstream from tannery (Figure presented.) Tannery (Figure presented.) leather production depends on labor use but tannery (Figure presented.) leather production depends on labor use, the chemical waste generated by tannery (Figure presented.) and the natural pollution absorbing capacity of the Ganges. In this setting, we perform four tasks. First, we construct a metric that measures the climate change induced mean reduction in the natural capacity of the Ganges to absorb pollution in the time interval (Figure presented.) Second, we use this metric and determine the equilibrium production of leather by both tanneries in the benchmark case in which there is no pollution. Third, we ascertain how the benchmark equilibrium is altered when tannery (Figure presented.) accounts for the negative externality foisted upon it by tannery (Figure presented.) Finally, we study the impact on leather production and on labor use when the two tanneries merge and then discuss the policy implications stemming from our research.