Governance of the International Military Tribunals at Nuremberg and Tokyo

This chapter examines the governance of the historic international military tribunals (IMTs) established and operated by the Allied Powers at Nuremberg and Tokyo after the Second World War, and analyses their significance for the field of international judicial governance. It highlights the distinctive features of the governance arrangements of the Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals and the unique challenges these posed for safeguarding judicial independence and ensuring effective judicial operations. The discussion begins with the constitutional methods by which establishing the IMTs were established, their divergent governance designs, and the structure and competences of the relevant injugovins. It then turns to the specific functions of these governance institutions, including the appointment of judges and prosecutors and other key staff; the provision of financing and practical assistance; and post-trial care responsibilities such as the review and enforcement of penalties. The chapter concludes with a general assessment on the IMT and IMTFE governance models.