High expectation, low implementation: perceptions of African fish and fisheries experts on genetic indicators in fisheries management

Genetic indicators are parameters based on genetic information, such as differences in DNA sequences between individuals, populations or species, used to summarize their resilience and genetic distinctiveness. The inclusion of genetic indicators into the management of natural resources, such as fisheries, has gained traction in the last two decades. Through the unique ecosystems, socio-economic challenges, and limited accessibility of genetic technology in Africa, African fisheries stakeholders are expected to harbour different opinions and needs than those in non-African countries. Yet, diverse views on the topic are not well-documented. Using a structured online survey, we gathered the opinions of 122 experts in different fisheries-related fields from 13 African and 24 non-African countries. The questions were designed to compare 1) opinions on current challenges and expectations towards indicators for fisheries monitoring, 2) awareness and usage of genetic and non-genetic indicators, and 3) the importance attributed to, and willingness to implement, genetic indicators. Perceived challenges and needs were consistent across demographic groups and mostly influenced by expertise. While awareness of genetic tools was high, implementation lagged in Africa, especially among older respondents. African respondents were more positive about genetic indicators, showing high potential for inclusion but also highlighting differing expectations. A lack of resources and expertise was the main obstacle for both genetic and non-genetic indicators. Recommendations include explicitly discussing regional differences in expectations and expertise, improving on-the-job training, and utilizing existing data initiatives. Future work should include the opinions of more management practitioners and aim for global coverage.