TY - JOUR
T1 - Measuring implicit associations with behaviours to improve resident mood
T2 - development of implicit association tasks for nursing home care providers
AU - Knippenberg, Inge
AU - Leontjevas, Ruslan
AU - Declercq, Ine
AU - van Lankveld, Jacques
AU - Gerritsen, Debby
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025
PY - 2025/6
Y1 - 2025/6
N2 - Objective: To develop and evaluate instruments for measuring implicit associations of nursing home care providers with behaviours aimed at improving resident mood. Method: Study 1 (N = 41) followed an iterative approach to develop two implicit association tasks measuring implicit attitude (positive versus negative valence) and motivation (wanting versus not wanting) regarding mood-improving behaviours, followed by an evaluation of the content validity for target stimuli representing these behaviours. In Study 2 (N = 230), the tasks were assessed for stimulus classification ease (accuracy and speed) and internal consistency. A subsample (n = 111) completed additional questionnaires to evaluate convergent validity (with self-reported attitudes towards depression, altruism, and mood-improving behaviours), and discriminant validity (against social desirability), and repeated the tasks after 2 weeks to assess test-retest reliability. Results: Content validity indexes for target stimuli were satisfactory. Error rates were acceptable for attribute stimuli, but exceeded the 10 % limit for target stimuli. Response times for all stimuli exceeded the 800-millisecond threshold. Both tasks demonstrated good internal consistency but poor test-retest reliability. Regarding convergent validity, both tasks significantly correlated with altruism, the implicit attitude task associated with self-reported mood-improving behaviours, and the implicit motivation task correlated with the behavioural scale of attitudes towards depression. Discriminant validity was supported as neither task was significantly associated with social desirability. Conclusions: The implicit association tasks show potential for measuring implicit associations with mood-improving behaviours of care providers, offering an innovative pathway for exploring processes influencing caregiving behaviours. However, limitations in psychometric properties were identified, aligning with challenges observed in similar measures.
AB - Objective: To develop and evaluate instruments for measuring implicit associations of nursing home care providers with behaviours aimed at improving resident mood. Method: Study 1 (N = 41) followed an iterative approach to develop two implicit association tasks measuring implicit attitude (positive versus negative valence) and motivation (wanting versus not wanting) regarding mood-improving behaviours, followed by an evaluation of the content validity for target stimuli representing these behaviours. In Study 2 (N = 230), the tasks were assessed for stimulus classification ease (accuracy and speed) and internal consistency. A subsample (n = 111) completed additional questionnaires to evaluate convergent validity (with self-reported attitudes towards depression, altruism, and mood-improving behaviours), and discriminant validity (against social desirability), and repeated the tasks after 2 weeks to assess test-retest reliability. Results: Content validity indexes for target stimuli were satisfactory. Error rates were acceptable for attribute stimuli, but exceeded the 10 % limit for target stimuli. Response times for all stimuli exceeded the 800-millisecond threshold. Both tasks demonstrated good internal consistency but poor test-retest reliability. Regarding convergent validity, both tasks significantly correlated with altruism, the implicit attitude task associated with self-reported mood-improving behaviours, and the implicit motivation task correlated with the behavioural scale of attitudes towards depression. Discriminant validity was supported as neither task was significantly associated with social desirability. Conclusions: The implicit association tasks show potential for measuring implicit associations with mood-improving behaviours of care providers, offering an innovative pathway for exploring processes influencing caregiving behaviours. However, limitations in psychometric properties were identified, aligning with challenges observed in similar measures.
KW - Caregivers
KW - Depression
KW - Implicit bias
KW - Nursing homes
KW - Psychometrics
KW - Reaction time
KW - Social behaviour
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100292
DO - 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100292
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85214557506
SN - 2666-142X
VL - 8
JO - International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances
JF - International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances
M1 - 100292
ER -