Abstract
This mixed-method study explored teachers' motivational messages before exams and their impact on students' intrinsic motivation, engagement, and academic performance. High school students in Spain (N = 419) completed questionnaires on motivation and engagement and described teachers’ motivational messages. Messages encouraging effort and capability were the most reported, followed by reassuring messages. Serial mediations showed a positive link between reassuring messages and academic performance via intrinsic motivation and engagement, while lack of messages had a negative effect. No moderation effect of gender was found. These findings underscore the importance of reassuring messages during exam periods.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 104750 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Teaching and Teacher Education |
| Volume | 151 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2024 |
Keywords
- Academic performance
- Engagement
- Examinations
- Gender
- Motivation
- Motivational messages
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