Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Effective treatment for cocaine use disorder should dampen hypersensitive cue-induced motivational processes and/or strengthen executive control. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and working memory (WM)-training to reduce cocaine use and craving and to improve inhibition assessed in the laboratory and during Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). The second aim was to examine correspondence between laboratory and EMA data.
METHODS: Twenty-four of 38 cocaine-using men completed a 25-day intervention with 2400mg/day NAC or placebo and WM-training as well as two lab-visits assessing cocaine use, craving and inhibition (Stop Signal task). Additionally, cocaine use, craving and cognition (Stroop task) were assessed using EMA during treatment, with 26 participants completing 819 assessments.
RESULTS: Cocaine problems according to the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT) decreased more after NAC than after placebo, and the proportion of cocaine-positive urines at lab-visit 2 was lower in the NAC group. No NAC effects were found on craving. For cocaine use and craving, results from the lab data were generally similar to EMA results. NAC also showed some effects on cognitive control: improved inhibition assessed with the Stop Signal task in the lab, and decreased classic Stroop performance during EMA. There were no significant effects of number of completed WM-training sessions.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall this study revealed mixed findings regarding the treatment of cocaine use disorders with NAC and WM-training. The effect of NAC on inhibition should be further investigated.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 24-31 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Addictive Behaviors |
| Volume | 79 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Apr 2018 |
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Keywords
- Cocaine
- Craving
- Inhibition
- N-acetylcysteine
- Working memory training
- Ecological momentary assessment
- RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
- SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS
- NICOTINE DEPENDENCE
- EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
- DRUG-USE
- QUESTIONNAIRE
- ADOLESCENTS
- ADDICTION
- ABSTINENCE
- REACTIVITY
Cite this
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The effect of N-acetylcysteine and working memory training on cocaine use, craving and inhibition in regular cocaine users : correspondence of lab assessments and Ecological Momentary Assessment. / Schulte, Mieke H J; Wiers, Reinout W; Boendermaker, Wouter J; Goudriaan, Anna E; van den Brink, Wim; van Deursen, Denise S; Friese, Malte; Brede, Emily; Waters, Andrew J.
In: Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 79, 04.2018, p. 24-31.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of N-acetylcysteine and working memory training on cocaine use, craving and inhibition in regular cocaine users
T2 - correspondence of lab assessments and Ecological Momentary Assessment
AU - Schulte, Mieke H J
AU - Wiers, Reinout W
AU - Boendermaker, Wouter J
AU - Goudriaan, Anna E
AU - van den Brink, Wim
AU - van Deursen, Denise S
AU - Friese, Malte
AU - Brede, Emily
AU - Waters, Andrew J
PY - 2018/4
Y1 - 2018/4
N2 - INTRODUCTION: Effective treatment for cocaine use disorder should dampen hypersensitive cue-induced motivational processes and/or strengthen executive control. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and working memory (WM)-training to reduce cocaine use and craving and to improve inhibition assessed in the laboratory and during Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). The second aim was to examine correspondence between laboratory and EMA data.METHODS: Twenty-four of 38 cocaine-using men completed a 25-day intervention with 2400mg/day NAC or placebo and WM-training as well as two lab-visits assessing cocaine use, craving and inhibition (Stop Signal task). Additionally, cocaine use, craving and cognition (Stroop task) were assessed using EMA during treatment, with 26 participants completing 819 assessments.RESULTS: Cocaine problems according to the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT) decreased more after NAC than after placebo, and the proportion of cocaine-positive urines at lab-visit 2 was lower in the NAC group. No NAC effects were found on craving. For cocaine use and craving, results from the lab data were generally similar to EMA results. NAC also showed some effects on cognitive control: improved inhibition assessed with the Stop Signal task in the lab, and decreased classic Stroop performance during EMA. There were no significant effects of number of completed WM-training sessions.CONCLUSIONS: Overall this study revealed mixed findings regarding the treatment of cocaine use disorders with NAC and WM-training. The effect of NAC on inhibition should be further investigated.
AB - INTRODUCTION: Effective treatment for cocaine use disorder should dampen hypersensitive cue-induced motivational processes and/or strengthen executive control. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and working memory (WM)-training to reduce cocaine use and craving and to improve inhibition assessed in the laboratory and during Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). The second aim was to examine correspondence between laboratory and EMA data.METHODS: Twenty-four of 38 cocaine-using men completed a 25-day intervention with 2400mg/day NAC or placebo and WM-training as well as two lab-visits assessing cocaine use, craving and inhibition (Stop Signal task). Additionally, cocaine use, craving and cognition (Stroop task) were assessed using EMA during treatment, with 26 participants completing 819 assessments.RESULTS: Cocaine problems according to the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT) decreased more after NAC than after placebo, and the proportion of cocaine-positive urines at lab-visit 2 was lower in the NAC group. No NAC effects were found on craving. For cocaine use and craving, results from the lab data were generally similar to EMA results. NAC also showed some effects on cognitive control: improved inhibition assessed with the Stop Signal task in the lab, and decreased classic Stroop performance during EMA. There were no significant effects of number of completed WM-training sessions.CONCLUSIONS: Overall this study revealed mixed findings regarding the treatment of cocaine use disorders with NAC and WM-training. The effect of NAC on inhibition should be further investigated.
KW - Cocaine
KW - Craving
KW - Inhibition
KW - N-acetylcysteine
KW - Working memory training
KW - Ecological momentary assessment
KW - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW - SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS
KW - NICOTINE DEPENDENCE
KW - EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
KW - DRUG-USE
KW - QUESTIONNAIRE
KW - ADOLESCENTS
KW - ADDICTION
KW - ABSTINENCE
KW - REACTIVITY
U2 - 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.044
DO - 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.044
M3 - Article
VL - 79
SP - 24
EP - 31
JO - Addictive Behaviors
JF - Addictive Behaviors
SN - 0306-4603
ER -