The relationship between the global mean deep-sea and surface temperature during the Early Eocene

Barbara Goudsmit-Harzevoort; Angelique Lansu; Michiel L.J. Baatsen; Anna S. von der Heydt; Niels J. de Winter; Yurui Zhang; Ayako Abe-Ouchi; Agatha de Boer; Wing-Le Chan; Yannick Donnadieu; David K.  Hutchinson; Gregor Knorr; Jean-Baptiste Ladant; Polina Morozova; Igor Niezgodzki; Sebastian Steinig; Aradhna Tripati; Zhongshi Zhang; Jiang Zhu; Martin  Ziegler

doi:10.1029/2022PA004532

The relationship between the global mean deep-sea and surface temperature during the Early Eocene

Barbara Goudsmit-Harzevoort^*, Angelique Lansu, Michiel L.J. Baatsen, Anna S. von der Heydt, Niels J. de Winter, Yurui Zhang, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Agatha de Boer, Wing-Le Chan, Yannick Donnadieu, David K. Hutchinson, Gregor Knorr, Jean-Baptiste Ladant, Polina Morozova, Igor Niezgodzki, Sebastian Steinig, Aradhna Tripati, Zhongshi Zhang, Jiang Zhu, Martin Ziegler

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic

Abstract

Estimates of global mean near-surface air temperature (global SAT) for the Cenozoic era rely largely on paleo-proxy data of deep-sea temperature (DST), with the assumption that changes in global SAT covary with changes in the global mean deep-sea temperature (global DST) and global mean sea-surface temperature (global SST). We tested the validity of this assumption by analyzing the relationship between global SST, SAT, and DST using 25 different model simulations from the Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project simulating the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) with varying CO ₂ levels. Similar to the modern situation, we find limited spatial variability in DST, indicating that local DST estimates can be regarded as a first order representative of global DST. In line with previously assumed relationships, linear regression analysis indicates that both global DST and SAT respond stronger to changes in atmospheric CO ₂ than global SST by a similar factor. Consequently, this model-based analysis validates the assumption that changes in global DST can be used to estimate changes in global SAT during the early Cenozoic. Paleo-proxy estimates of global DST, SST, and SAT during EECO show the best fit with model simulations with a 1,680 ppm atmospheric CO ₂ level. This matches paleo-proxies of EECO atmospheric CO ₂, indicating a good fit between models and proxy-data.

Original language	English
Article number	e2022PA004532
Number of pages	18
Journal	Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
Volume	38
Issue number	3
Early online date	17 Feb 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004532
Publication status	Published - Mar 2023

Keywords

Climatology
Global Change
Oceanography
Paleoclimatology
Sea-Air Interactions
climate sensitivity
deep-sea temperature
DeepMIP
model-data comparison
early Eocene

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10.1029/2022PA004532Licence: CC BY

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The relationship between the global mean deep-sea and surface temperature during the Early Eocene
Goudsmit-Harzevoort, B., Lansu, A., Baatsen, M. L. J., von der Heydt, A. S., de Winter, N. J., Zhang, Y., Abe-Ouchi, A., de Boer, A., Chan, W.-L., Donnadieu, Y., Hutchinson, D. K., Knorr, G., Ladant, J.-B., Morozova, P., Niezgodzki, I., Steinig, S., Tripati, A., Zhang, Z., Zhu, J. & Ziegler, M., Aug 2022, Earth and Space Science Open Archive, 42 p.
Research output: Working paper / Preprint › Preprint › Academic

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Cite this

Goudsmit-Harzevoort, B., Lansu, A., Baatsen, M. L. J., von der Heydt, A. S., de Winter, N. J., Zhang, Y., Abe-Ouchi, A., de Boer, A., Chan, W.-L., Donnadieu, Y., Hutchinson, D. K., Knorr, G., Ladant, J.-B., Morozova, P., Niezgodzki, I., Steinig, S., Tripati, A., Zhang, Z., Zhu, J., & Ziegler, M. (2023). The relationship between the global mean deep-sea and surface temperature during the Early Eocene. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 38(3), Article e2022PA004532. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004532

@article{10a41773c65545dab42ab91731dbe15f,

title = "The relationship between the global mean deep-sea and surface temperature during the Early Eocene",

abstract = "Estimates of global mean near-surface air temperature (global SAT) for the Cenozoic era rely largely on paleo-proxy data of deep-sea temperature (DST), with the assumption that changes in global SAT covary with changes in the global mean deep-sea temperature (global DST) and global mean sea-surface temperature (global SST). We tested the validity of this assumption by analyzing the relationship between global SST, SAT, and DST using 25 different model simulations from the Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project simulating the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) with varying CO 2 levels. Similar to the modern situation, we find limited spatial variability in DST, indicating that local DST estimates can be regarded as a first order representative of global DST. In line with previously assumed relationships, linear regression analysis indicates that both global DST and SAT respond stronger to changes in atmospheric CO 2 than global SST by a similar factor. Consequently, this model-based analysis validates the assumption that changes in global DST can be used to estimate changes in global SAT during the early Cenozoic. Paleo-proxy estimates of global DST, SST, and SAT during EECO show the best fit with model simulations with a 1,680 ppm atmospheric CO 2 level. This matches paleo-proxies of EECO atmospheric CO 2, indicating a good fit between models and proxy-data.",

keywords = "Climatology, Global Change, Oceanography, Paleoclimatology, Sea-Air Interactions, climate sensitivity, deep-sea temperature, DeepMIP, model-data comparison, early Eocene",

author = "Barbara Goudsmit-Harzevoort and Angelique Lansu and Baatsen, {Michiel L.J.} and {von der Heydt}, {Anna S.} and {de Winter}, {Niels J.} and Yurui Zhang and Ayako Abe-Ouchi and {de Boer}, Agatha and Wing-Le Chan and Yannick Donnadieu and Hutchinson, {David K.} and Gregor Knorr and Jean-Baptiste Ladant and Polina Morozova and Igor Niezgodzki and Sebastian Steinig and Aradhna Tripati and Zhongshi Zhang and Jiang Zhu and Martin Ziegler",

note = "to Bibl: This is a Pre-Print on Open Archive of Barbara Goudsmit etal. Barbara Goudsmit have published an OUNL MSc Thesis with the same title, but as OUNL Student's MSc Thesis Environmental Sciences, and as published Conference Abstract EGU22. This pre-print is a submitted, in peer-review, article in Journal. The Journal has an Plain Language Summary: Plain Language Summary A widely used indicator of global climate change is the change in global mean(land and sea) surface air temperature (GMSAT). Our current understanding ofthe GMSAT evolution during the last 66 million years is largely based on deep-sea temperature proxies from fossilized micro-organisms and the assumptionthat changes in the global mean deep-sea temperature (GMDST) are similarto those in GMSAT. In short, GMDST and GMSAT are linked via the globalmean sea-surface temperature (GMSST) by assuming that they are both lesssensitive than the GMSST to atmospheric CO2changes by the same degree.The validity of this assumption is essential in our understanding of past climatestates such as the Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO, 56–48 million yearsago), a hothouse period characterized by high atmospheric CO2levels. Weanalyzed the relationship between the three global temperature indicators inclimate model simulations of the EECO. Based on linear regression analysis,we find that changes in GMDST can indeed be used to estimate changes inGMSAT during the EECO (regression slope 0.99). Furthermore, paleo-proxies ofGMDST, GMSST, and GMSAT during EECO show the best fit with the modelsimulations having an atmospheric CO2level of 1,680 ppm, which matches paleo-proxies of atmospheric CO2during EECO. This indicates a good fit betweenmodels and proxy-data.",

year = "2023",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1029/2022PA004532",

language = "English",

volume = "38",

journal = "Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology",

issn = "2572-4517",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.",

number = "3",

}

Goudsmit-Harzevoort, B, Lansu, A, Baatsen, MLJ, von der Heydt, AS, de Winter, NJ, Zhang, Y, Abe-Ouchi, A, de Boer, A, Chan, W-L, Donnadieu, Y, Hutchinson, DK, Knorr, G, Ladant, J-B, Morozova, P, Niezgodzki, I, Steinig, S, Tripati, A, Zhang, Z, Zhu, J & Ziegler, M 2023, 'The relationship between the global mean deep-sea and surface temperature during the Early Eocene', Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, vol. 38, no. 3, e2022PA004532. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004532

TY - JOUR

T1 - The relationship between the global mean deep-sea and surface temperature during the Early Eocene

AU - Goudsmit-Harzevoort, Barbara

AU - Lansu, Angelique

AU - Baatsen, Michiel L.J.

AU - von der Heydt, Anna S.

AU - de Winter, Niels J.

AU - Zhang, Yurui

AU - Abe-Ouchi, Ayako

AU - de Boer, Agatha

AU - Chan, Wing-Le

AU - Donnadieu, Yannick

AU - Hutchinson, David K.

AU - Knorr, Gregor

AU - Ladant, Jean-Baptiste

AU - Morozova, Polina

AU - Niezgodzki, Igor

AU - Steinig, Sebastian

AU - Tripati, Aradhna

AU - Zhang, Zhongshi

AU - Zhu, Jiang

AU - Ziegler, Martin

N1 - to Bibl: This is a Pre-Print on Open Archive of Barbara Goudsmit etal. Barbara Goudsmit have published an OUNL MSc Thesis with the same title, but as OUNL Student's MSc Thesis Environmental Sciences, and as published Conference Abstract EGU22. This pre-print is a submitted, in peer-review, article in Journal. The Journal has an Plain Language Summary: Plain Language Summary A widely used indicator of global climate change is the change in global mean(land and sea) surface air temperature (GMSAT). Our current understanding ofthe GMSAT evolution during the last 66 million years is largely based on deep-sea temperature proxies from fossilized micro-organisms and the assumptionthat changes in the global mean deep-sea temperature (GMDST) are similarto those in GMSAT. In short, GMDST and GMSAT are linked via the globalmean sea-surface temperature (GMSST) by assuming that they are both lesssensitive than the GMSST to atmospheric CO2changes by the same degree.The validity of this assumption is essential in our understanding of past climatestates such as the Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO, 56–48 million yearsago), a hothouse period characterized by high atmospheric CO2levels. Weanalyzed the relationship between the three global temperature indicators inclimate model simulations of the EECO. Based on linear regression analysis,we find that changes in GMDST can indeed be used to estimate changes inGMSAT during the EECO (regression slope 0.99). Furthermore, paleo-proxies ofGMDST, GMSST, and GMSAT during EECO show the best fit with the modelsimulations having an atmospheric CO2level of 1,680 ppm, which matches paleo-proxies of atmospheric CO2during EECO. This indicates a good fit betweenmodels and proxy-data.

PY - 2023/3

Y1 - 2023/3

N2 - Estimates of global mean near-surface air temperature (global SAT) for the Cenozoic era rely largely on paleo-proxy data of deep-sea temperature (DST), with the assumption that changes in global SAT covary with changes in the global mean deep-sea temperature (global DST) and global mean sea-surface temperature (global SST). We tested the validity of this assumption by analyzing the relationship between global SST, SAT, and DST using 25 different model simulations from the Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project simulating the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) with varying CO 2 levels. Similar to the modern situation, we find limited spatial variability in DST, indicating that local DST estimates can be regarded as a first order representative of global DST. In line with previously assumed relationships, linear regression analysis indicates that both global DST and SAT respond stronger to changes in atmospheric CO 2 than global SST by a similar factor. Consequently, this model-based analysis validates the assumption that changes in global DST can be used to estimate changes in global SAT during the early Cenozoic. Paleo-proxy estimates of global DST, SST, and SAT during EECO show the best fit with model simulations with a 1,680 ppm atmospheric CO 2 level. This matches paleo-proxies of EECO atmospheric CO 2, indicating a good fit between models and proxy-data.

AB - Estimates of global mean near-surface air temperature (global SAT) for the Cenozoic era rely largely on paleo-proxy data of deep-sea temperature (DST), with the assumption that changes in global SAT covary with changes in the global mean deep-sea temperature (global DST) and global mean sea-surface temperature (global SST). We tested the validity of this assumption by analyzing the relationship between global SST, SAT, and DST using 25 different model simulations from the Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project simulating the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) with varying CO 2 levels. Similar to the modern situation, we find limited spatial variability in DST, indicating that local DST estimates can be regarded as a first order representative of global DST. In line with previously assumed relationships, linear regression analysis indicates that both global DST and SAT respond stronger to changes in atmospheric CO 2 than global SST by a similar factor. Consequently, this model-based analysis validates the assumption that changes in global DST can be used to estimate changes in global SAT during the early Cenozoic. Paleo-proxy estimates of global DST, SST, and SAT during EECO show the best fit with model simulations with a 1,680 ppm atmospheric CO 2 level. This matches paleo-proxies of EECO atmospheric CO 2, indicating a good fit between models and proxy-data.

KW - Climatology

KW - Global Change

KW - Oceanography

KW - Paleoclimatology

KW - Sea-Air Interactions

KW - climate sensitivity

KW - deep-sea temperature

KW - DeepMIP

KW - model-data comparison

KW - early Eocene

U2 - 10.1029/2022PA004532

DO - 10.1029/2022PA004532

M3 - Article

SN - 2572-4517

VL - 38

JO - Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology

JF - Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology

IS - 3

M1 - e2022PA004532

ER -

The relationship between the global mean deep-sea and surface temperature during the Early Eocene

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Keywords

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The relationship between the global mean deep-sea and surface temperature during the Early Eocene

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