TY - JOUR
T1 - Translation and performance of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score for detecting undiagnosed diabetes and dysglycaemia in the Indonesian population
AU - Rifqi Rokhman, M.
AU - Arifin, Bustanul
AU - Zulkarnain, Zulkarnain
AU - Satibi, Satibi
AU - Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani
AU - Boersma, Cornelis
AU - Postma, Maarten J.
AU - van der Schans, Jurjen
N1 - Funding Information:
The research was supported by a grant from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (SUNI-SEA project) with grant agreement number 825026, Universitas Gadjah Mada of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and Universitas Ahmad Dahlan of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This work was also supported by the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education or LPDP in the form of a Ph.D. scholarship to MRR with grant agreement number PRJ-1/LPDP.3/2019 (7 January 2019). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We acknowledge the help of all the participants, Prof. Jaakko Tuomilehto (University of Helsinki), American Diabetes Association (ADA), Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Banggai Laut—Sulawesi Tengah, Muh. Ramlan Budikusuma, Friyanti Zaman, Karsih, Endang Frihatin, Wayan Sadnyana, Trisno Rusli, Nurjanah M Udi, Andi Faizal Fachlevy, Abdul Kahar, Deby Veranasari, Ninda Sari Wahyuningtyas, Putri Pertiwi, Ananda Febrianty, Nurses of Griya Bromo Clinic in Malang, Arly Tania Putri, Dian Pita Sabella, Ni Putu Ayu Crismayani, Febriyanti Siahaan, Sifa Aula Putri, Kresentia Vanda, Saskia, and Merry Yustika.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Rokhman et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2022/7/21
Y1 - 2022/7/21
N2 - A diabetes risk score cannot directly be translated and applied in different populations, and its performance should be evaluated in the target population. This study aimed to translate the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) instrument and compare its performance with the modified version for detecting undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dysglycaemia among the Indonesian adult population. Forward and backward translations were performed and followed by cultural adaptation. In total, 1,403 participants were recruited. The FINDRISC-Bahasa Indonesia (FINDRISC-BI) was scored according to the original FINDRISC instrument, while a Modified FINDRISC-BI was analyzed using a specific body mass index and waist circumference classification for Indonesians. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and the optimal cut-offs of both instruments were estimated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting undiagnosed T2DM was 0.73 (0.67–0.78) for the FINDRISC-BI with an optimal cut-off score of ≥9 (sensitivity = 63.0%; specificity = 67.3%) and 0.72 (0.67–0.78) for the Modified FINDRISC-BI with an optimal cut-off score of ≥11 (sensitivity = 59.8%; specificity = 74.9%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting dysglycaemia was 0.72 (0.69–0.75) for the FINDRISC-BI instrument with an optimal cut-off score of ≥8 (sensitivity = 66.4%; specificity = 67.0%), and 0.72 (0.69–0.75) for the Modified FINDRISC-BI instrument with an optimal cut-off score ≥9 (sensitivity = 63.8%; specificity = 67.6%). The Indonesian version of the FINDRISC instrument has acceptable diagnostic accuracy for screening people with undiagnosed T2DM or dysglycaemia in Indonesia. Modifying the body mass index and waist circumference classifications in the Modified FINDRISC-BI results in a similar diagnostic accuracy; however, the Modified FINDRISC-BI has a higher optimal cut-off point than the FINDRISC-BI. People with an above optimal cut-off score are suggested to take a further blood glucose test.
AB - A diabetes risk score cannot directly be translated and applied in different populations, and its performance should be evaluated in the target population. This study aimed to translate the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) instrument and compare its performance with the modified version for detecting undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dysglycaemia among the Indonesian adult population. Forward and backward translations were performed and followed by cultural adaptation. In total, 1,403 participants were recruited. The FINDRISC-Bahasa Indonesia (FINDRISC-BI) was scored according to the original FINDRISC instrument, while a Modified FINDRISC-BI was analyzed using a specific body mass index and waist circumference classification for Indonesians. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and the optimal cut-offs of both instruments were estimated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting undiagnosed T2DM was 0.73 (0.67–0.78) for the FINDRISC-BI with an optimal cut-off score of ≥9 (sensitivity = 63.0%; specificity = 67.3%) and 0.72 (0.67–0.78) for the Modified FINDRISC-BI with an optimal cut-off score of ≥11 (sensitivity = 59.8%; specificity = 74.9%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting dysglycaemia was 0.72 (0.69–0.75) for the FINDRISC-BI instrument with an optimal cut-off score of ≥8 (sensitivity = 66.4%; specificity = 67.0%), and 0.72 (0.69–0.75) for the Modified FINDRISC-BI instrument with an optimal cut-off score ≥9 (sensitivity = 63.8%; specificity = 67.6%). The Indonesian version of the FINDRISC instrument has acceptable diagnostic accuracy for screening people with undiagnosed T2DM or dysglycaemia in Indonesia. Modifying the body mass index and waist circumference classifications in the Modified FINDRISC-BI results in a similar diagnostic accuracy; however, the Modified FINDRISC-BI has a higher optimal cut-off point than the FINDRISC-BI. People with an above optimal cut-off score are suggested to take a further blood glucose test.
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0269853
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0269853
M3 - Article
C2 - 35862370
AN - SCOPUS:85134833828
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 17
JO - PLOS ONE
JF - PLOS ONE
IS - 7
M1 - e0269853
ER -