Treatment of challenging behavior in dementia

Challenging behavior in dementia – also referred to as Neuropsychiatric Symptoms, or Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia - can cause suffering and low quality of life in those with dementia and others in their environment. Various theoretical approaches can be used for explaining challenging behavior or for constructing effective interventions. These interventions, designed according to the unique preferences and personality of the individual, should not only address the direct symptoms of dementia but also mitigate the indirect impact on caregivers. Unlike pharmacological treatments, which may offer a simpler, less demanding solution from the caregiver's perspective, non-pharmacological interventions require a more intensive, yet potentially more effective and rewarding approach. The involvement of well-informed professionals is crucial in identifying and implementing the most appropriate strategies for each person with dementia. While mediative therapy emerges as a promising avenue for customizing care, the importance of further research into this and other multidomain interventions persists. This chapter reviews empirical basis for different non-pharmacological interventions and the remaining questions within the field. It is important to highlight the significance of a holistic, non-pharmacological approach to dementia care that considers the well-being of both the individual with dementia and their professional and family caregivers.